For senior/graduate-level courses in Power System Analysis. Keeping pace with the major changes in the structure and operation of the electric utility industry, this is the first text on power system analysis that explores the issues and shows how power system operation will be affected by the changes in the industry. It incorporates state-of-the-art, computer-based power system analysis and shows students how to apply each modern analysis tool in designing and improving an expansion of an existing power system.
1. Background.
Introduction. Electric Energy. Fossil-Fuel Plant. Nuclear Power Plant. Hydroelectric Power Plant. Other Energy Sources. Transmission and Distribution Systems. The Deregulated Electric Power Industry.
2. Basic Principles.
Introduction. Phasor Representation. Complex Power Supplied to a One-Port. Conservation of Complex Power. Balanced Three-Phase. Per Phase Analysis. Balanced Three-Phase Power. Summary.
3. Transmission-Line Parameters.
Introduction. Review of Magnetics. Flux Linkages of Infinite Straight Wire. Flux Linkages; Many-Conductor Case. Conductor Bundling. Transposition. Impedance of Three Phase lines Including Ground Return. Review of Electric Fields. Line Capacitance. Determination of Line Parameters Using Tables. Typical Parameter Values. Summary.
4. Transmission-Line Modeling.
Introduction. Derivation of Terminal V, I Relations. Waves on Transmission Lines. Transmission Matrix. Lumped-Circuit Equivalent. Simplified Models. Complex Power Transmission (Short Line). Complex Power Transmission (Radial Line). Complex Power Transmission (Long or Medium Lines). Power-Handling Capability of Lines. Summary.
5. Transformer Modeling and the Per Unit System.
Introduction. Single-Phase Transformer Model. Three-Phase Transformer Connections. Per Phase Analysis. Normal Systems. Per Unit Normalization. Per Unit Three-Phase Quantities. Change of Base. Per Unit Analysis of Normal System. Regulating Transformers for Voltage and Phase Angle Control. Autotransformers. Transmission Line and Transformers. Summary
6. Generator Modeling I (Machine Viewpoint).
Introduction. Classical Machine Description. Voltage Generation. Open-Circuit Voltage. Armature Reaction. Terminal Voltage. Power Delivered by Generator. Synchronizing Generator to an Infinite Bus. Synchronous Condensor. Role of Synchronous Machine Excitation in Controlling Reactive Power. Summary.
7. Generator Modeling II (Circuit Viewpoint).
Introduction. Energy Conversion. Application to Synchronous Machine. The Park Transformation. Park's Voltage Equation. Park's Mechanical Equation. Circuit Model. Instantaneous Power Output. Applications. Synchronous Operation. Steady-State Model. Simplified Dynamic Model. Generator Connected to Infinite Bus (Linear Model). Summary
8. Generator Voltage Control.
Introduction. Exciter System Block Diagram. Generator Models. Stability of Excitation System. Voltage Regulation. Generator Connected to Infinite Bus. Summary.
9. Network Matrices.
Introduction. Bus Admittance Matrix. Network Solution. Network Reduction (Kron Reduction). YBUS Structure and Manipulation. Bus Impedance Matrix. Inverse Elements to Determine Columns of ZBUS. Summary.
10. Power Flow Analysis.
Introduction. Power Flow Equations. The Power Flow Problem. Solution by Gauss Iteration. More General Iteration Scheme. Newton-Raphson Iteration. Application to Power Flow Equations. Decoupled Power Flow. Control Implications. Regulating Transformers in Power Flow Analysis, Power Flow Solutions for Large Power Systems. Summary.
11. Automatic Generation Control and the New Market Environment.
Introduction. Power Control System Modeling. Application to Single Machine-Infinite Bus System. Simplified Analysis of Power Control System. Power Control, Multigenerator Case. Special Case; Two Generating Units. Division of Power System Into Control Areas. Formulation of the Economic Dispatch Problem. Classical Economic Dispatch (Line Losses Neglected). Generator Limits Included. Line Losses Considered. Calculation of Penalty Factors. Economic Issues and Mechanisms in the New Market Environment. Transmission Issues and Effects in the New Market Environment. Summary.
12. Unbalanced System Operation.
Introduction. Symmetrical Components. Use of Symmetrical Components for Fault Analysis. Sequence Network Connections for Different Types of Faults. More General Fault Circuit Analysis. Power From Sequence Variables. Sequence Representation of Y and ...D Connected Circuits. Generator Models for Sequence Networks. Transformer Models for Sequence Networks. Sequence Representation of Transmission Lines. Assembly of Sequence Networks. Fault Analysis for Realistic Power System Model. Matrix Methods. Summary.
13. System Protection.
Introduction. Protection of Radial Systems. System with Two Sources. Impedance (Distance) Relays. Modified-Impedance Relays. Differential Protection of Generators. Differential Protection of Transformers. Differential Protection of Buses and Lines. Overlapping Zones of Protection. Sequence Filters. Computer Relaying. Summary.
14. Power System Stability.
Introduction. Model. Energy Balance. Linearization of Swing Equation. Solution of Nonlinear Swing Equation. Other Applications. Extension to Two-Machine Case. Multimachine Application. Multimachine Stability Studies. Summary.
Appendices.
Reluctance. Force Generation in a Solenoid. Method of Lagrange Multipliers. Root-Locus Method. Negative- and Zero-Sequence Impedances of Synchronous Machines. Inversion Formula. Modification of Impedance Matrices. Conductor Characteristics.
Selected Bibliography.
Index.
