The second edition of this remarkably lucid text, provides a wide-ranging historical introduction to social theory. The new edition preserves, and further enhances, the book's striking qualities - its clarity, reliability, comprehensiveness and scholarship. The theorists treated include Montesquieu, Adam Smith and the Scottish Enlightenment, Hegel, Marx, Tocqueville, Maistre, Gobineau, Darwin, Spencer, Kautsky, Nietzsche, Durkheim, Weber, Simmel, Freud, Lukács, Gramsci, Heidegger, Keynes, Hayek, Parsons, the Frankfurt School, Lévi-Strauss, Althusser, Foucault, Habermas, Bourdieu, Beck, and Giddens. Callinicos examines the ways in which social theory grew out of the eighteenth century Enlightenment, a time when societies emerging in the West ceased to invoke the authority of tradition to validate themselves, instead looking to scientific knowledge to justify their mastery of the world. He traces social theory's connections with central themes in modern philosophy, with the development of political economy, and with the impact of evolutionary biology on social thought.
The book has been carefully updated to ensure that it engages with the most up-to-date debates in social theory, and concludes with a substantial new chapter. Here Callinicos assesses the significance of contemporary debates about globalization, including the recent re-emergence of critiques of capitalism and imperialism in the work of Michael Hardt, Toni Negri, Luc Boltanski, Eve Chiapello, David Harvey, Robert Brenner, Giovanni Arrighi, and Slavoj Žižek.
This updated version of a widely praised text will be essential reading for students of politics, sociology and social and political thought.
Introduction
1. The Enlightenment
1. 1 Prehistory
1. 2 The concept of modernity
1. 3 A moral science
1. 4 The development of social theory
1. 5 Inner strains
2. Hegel
2. 1 Reconciling modernity
2. 2 The labour of the negative
2. 3 The debate over modernity
3. Liberals and Reactionaries
3. 1 Post-revolutionary debates
3. 2 Agonistic liberalism: Tocqueville and Mill
3. 3 Providence and race: Maistre and Gobineau
4. Marx
4. 1 The adventures of the dialectic
4. 2 History and capitalism
4. 3 Class struggle and revolution
5. Life and Power
5. 1 Evolution before and after Darwin
5. 2 Two evolutionists: Spencer and Kautsky
5. 3 Nature as the will to power: Nietzsche
6. Durkheim
6. 1 Social evolution and scientific objectivity
6. 2 Society as a moral reality
6. 3 Meaning and belief
7. Weber
7. 1 Prussian agriculture and the German state
7. 2 Science and the warring gods
7. 3 History and rationalization
7. 4 Liberal imperialism and democratic politics
8. The Illusions of Progress
8. 1 The strange death of liberal Europe
8. 2 Objectivity and estrangement: Simmel
8. 3 The self dissected: Freud
8. 4 Memories of underdevelopment: Russian intellectuals and capitalism
9. Revolution and Counter-Revolution
9. 1 Hegelian Marxism: Lukács and Gramsci
9. 2 Heidegger and the conservative revolution
10. The Golden Age
10. 1 Theories of capitalism: Keynes and Hayek
10. 2 Functionalist sociology: Talcott Parsons
10. 3 Despairing critique: the Frankfurt school
11. Crack-Up?
11. 1 The 1960s and after
11. 2 Structure and subject: Lévi-Strauss and Althusser
11. 3 Nietzsche's revenge: Foucault and poststructuralism
11. 4 Carrying on the tradition: Habermas and Bourdieu
12. Debating modernity and postmodernity
12. 1 Postmodernity?
12. 2 Modernity and capitalism
12. 3 Reason and nature
12. 4 Theory and practice
12. 5 Universal and particular
12. 6 Beyond capitalism?
13. Changing the subject: globalization, capitalism, and imperialism
13. 1 Much ado about globalization
13. 2 The social as networks ... or as nothing
13. 3 Back to capitalism - and imperialism?
13. 4 The debate resumed
Further Reading
Index
