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Contents

Tables and Figures xv Foreword xix Preface xxi The Editor xxvii The Contributors xxix Part One: The Foundation of Health Promotion 1 Chapter 1 Health Promotion 3 Anastasia Snelling Brief Overview of Health in the Twentieth Century 3 1900 1950s 4 1960s 2000s 6 Health Promotion: An Emerging Field 9 Health Education 10 Public Health 10 Determinants of Health 12 Important Health Promotion Concepts 14 Risk Factors, Chronic Diseases, and Empowerment 15 Prevention Activities: Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary 16 Health Promotion Meets the Health Care System 17 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act 18 Discussion 19 Positions in the Health Promotion Field 19 Summary 20 Key Terms 21 Review Questions 22 Student Activities 22 References 23 Chapter 2 Health Behavior Change Theories and Models 25 Maura Stevenson Health Behavior Theories 26 Social Cognitive Theory 27 Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change 31 Health Belief Model 36 Theory of Planned Behavior 39 Historical Perspective 43 Summary 44 Key Terms 46 Review Questions 47 Student Activities 47 References 48 Chapter 3 Program Planning Models 51 Anastasia Snelling Effective Health Promotion Planning 52 Social Ecological Model 52 PRECEDE-PROCEED Model 53 Multilevel Approach to Community Health (MATCH) 57 Consumer-Based Planning Models for Health Communication 57 CDCynergy 61 Making Health Communication Programs Work 63 Health Promotion Planning Model for Community-Level Mobilizing for Action through Planning and Partnerships (MAPP) 65 MAP-IT 66 Connecting Health Behavior Theories to Program Planning Models 67 Summary 67 Key Terms 68 Review Questions 69 Student Activities 69 References 69 Part Two: Health Behaviors 71 Chapter 4 Tobacco Use 75 Laurie DiRosa Tobacco Use 76 Tobacco Use Statistics 76 Cancer 80 Cardiovascular Disease 81 Pulmonary Disease 82 Reproductive and Developmental Effects 84 Smokeless Tobacco and Chronic Disease 84 Harm Reduction 85 Cancer 86 Cardiovascular Disease 86 Pregnancy 87 Oral Complications 87 Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Chronic Disease 88 Political and Cultural History of Tobacco Use 89 Warning Labels 90 Purchasing Restrictions 91 Taxation 91 1998 Master Settlement Agreement 91 Recent Efforts to Reduce Tobacco Use 93 National Policy 93 State Policy 96 Local Policy 97 Effective Programs That Discourage Tobacco Use 98 Healthy People 2020 98 Population-Based Strategies 100 Effective Examples of Population-Based Strategies 100 Practical Examples of Work Site Initiatives 102 School Initiatives 104 Practical Examples of School Initiatives 105 Challenges to Reducing Smoking 107 Access to Treatment 107 Addictive Property of Nicotine 108 Tobacco Industry Practices 109 Summary 109 Key Terms 110 Review Questions 111 Student Activities 112 References 112 Chapter 5 Eating Behaviors 117 Maya Maroto Eating Behaviors 117 Taste 118 Emotions 118 Price 119 Convenience 119 Health and Nutrition 120 Culture and Familiarity 121 Environment 121 Marketing 121 Nutrition, Eating Habits, and Health 122 Heart Disease 123 Cancer 123 Stroke 124 Type 2 Diabetes 125 Obesity 125 Benefits of Healthy Eating Habits 126 Recommended Nutrition and Dietary Intake 127 History of Nutrition and Dietary Patterns 128 Pattern 1: Paleolithic and Hunter-Gatherers 129 Pattern 2: Advent of Agriculture 130 Pattern 3: Industrialization and Receding Famine 130 Pattern 4: Noncommunicable Disease 131 Pattern 5: Desired Societal and Behavior Change 131 Changes to the American Food Environment 131 Food Supply and Consumption 131 Where Americans Eat 135 The Food Industry: Friend, Foe, or Both? 136 Farm Subsidies: The Culprit? 137 Portion Sizes: Bigger but Not Better 138 Recent Efforts to Promote Healthy Eating 139 National Policy Actions 139 State Policy Actions 140 Local Policy Actions 140 Community Nutrition Efforts 141 Work Site Wellness 142 School Food Environments 142 Programs for the Individual 143 Summary 143 Key Terms 144 Review Questions 145 Student Activities 146 References 147 Chapter 6 Physical Activity Behaviors 153 Jennifer Childress Physical Activity 154 Recommended Physical Activity Levels 154 Benefits of Physical Activity 156 Sedentary Behavior 156 Physical Activity Patterns 158 Historical Patterns 158 1990s to Present 159 Physical Activity Behaviors and Barriers 159 Individual 161 Built Environment 162 Social Environment 163 Efforts and Initiatives to Increase Physical Activity 164 Technology 164 Tracking Activity 164 Education Programs in Work Sites, Schools, and Communities 165 Policies That Promote Increasing Physical Activity 169 National Policy 169 State Policy 170 Local Policy 173 Community Policy 175 Community Partner Initiatives and Multisectorial Strategies 175 Summary 179 Key Terms 180 Review Questions 181 Student Activities 181 References 182 Chapter 7 Stress, Emotional Well-Being, and Mental Health 187 Marty Loy The Origins of the Term Stress 188 The Fight-or-Flight Response 188 Stress Physiology 191 Eustress and Distress 192 Life Stress and Illness 194 Coping: Stress Management Techniques 194 Four Coping Opportunities 196 Stress at Work 200 Demand and Control 200 Work Site Stress Management 202 Mental Health in Communities 204 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) 205 Meeting Community Mental Health Needs 205 Mental Health Disparities 207 Stress Management with Children 208 Effects of Stress on Children 209 Stress Types among Children 210 Summary 211 Key Terms 211 Review Questions 212 Student Activities 213 References 213 Chapter 8 Clinical Preventive Services 217 Casey Korba Benefits of Evidence-Based Clinical Preventive Services 218 Recommended Levels of Preventive Services 219 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act 219 History of Preventive Services 220 The US Preventive Services Task Force 221 Primary and Secondary Preventive Services 222 Member Composition 223 Identifying Evidence-Based Preventive Services 223 Benefits and Harms 224 The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices 225 Vaccines: Myths and Misinformation 225 Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) 227 Promoting the Use of Preventive Services 227 Health Care Coverage of Evidence-Based Preventive Services 227 Other Preventive Services Provisions 228 Prevention and Public Health Fund 230 Million Hearts Initiative 230 Technology and the Media 231 Nontraditional Sites of Care 232 Genetic Testing 232 Advances in Behavioral Science 233 Challenges to Increasing the Use of Evidence-Based Preventive Services 233 Educating the Public about Preventive Services 233 Research Limitations 234 Health Care Services Barriers 236 Summary 236 Key Terms 237 Review Questions 238 Student Activities 238 References 238 Part Three: Health Promotion in Action 241 Chapter 9 National and State Initiatives to Promote Health and Well-Being 243 Jennifer Childress and Jill Dombrowski Healthy People: 1979 2020 243 Healthy People 2020 244 US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) 248 The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 250 National Institutes of Health (NIH) 254 US Department of Agriculture (USDA) 255 Monitoring the Nation s Health 256 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) 257 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) 257 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 259 State Initiatives 261 Arizona 262 Maine 262 Florida 262 Association of State and Territorial Health Officials (ASTHO) 263 The National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL)264 Local Programs 265 Summary 266 Key Terms 266 Review Questions 267 Student Activities 268 References 268 Chapter 10 Settings for Health Promotion 271 David Stevenson The Home 271 Family 272 Physical Space 273 Personal Training 273 Physical Safety 274 Communities 274 Health Fairs 275 Targeted Community Initiatives 275 Farmers Markets and Community Gardens 276 Volunteer Opportunities 276 Early Childhood Centers 276 Hygiene and Safety Habits 277 Physical Activity 277 Nutrition and Healthy Eating Habits 277 Health Assessments 278 Schools 278 Academics and Health 279 School Policy Supporting Health 280 Teachers Roles 280 Healthy Food Choices 280 School Health Care Services 281 Health Promotion Initiatives 281 School After-Hours 282 Coordinated School Health 282 Professional Opportunities 282 Colleges and Universities 282 Safe and Healthy Environment 283 Coordinated Health Promotion 283 Physical Environment 284 Professional Opportunities 284 The Work Site 284 Leadership 286 Work Site Safety 287 Health Promotion 288 Health Coaches 289 Employee Assistance Programs 289 Technology and Social Media 289 Measuring and Celebrating Success 290 Professional Opportunities 290 Health Care Providers 290 Physicians 291 Other Health Care Providers 291 Faith-Based Centers 292 The Internet 292 Access to Information and Data 293 Tracking Personal Health Data 293 Social Media 294 Summary 294 Key Terms 295 Review Questions 296 Student Activities 296 References 297 Chapter 11 Health Promotion Related Organizations, Associations, and Certifications 299 Anastasia Snelling and Michelle Kalicki Nonprofit Health Associations 300 American Heart Association (AHA) 300 Other Nonprofit Health Organizations 301 Professional Health Associations 301 Nutrition 302 Physical Activity 305 Health, Wellness, and Education 307 Scholarly and Professional Health Journals 309 Certifications 311 Health Promotion Certifications 311 Health Education Certifications 312 Fitness-Based Certifications 314 Nutrition Certifications 315 Health Coaching 315 Academic Institute Certifications 316 Summary 317 Key Terms 317 Review Questions 318 Student Activities 318 References 319 Chapter 12 Trends in Health Promotion 321 David Hunnicutt Trend 1: The Population Will Get Much Older in the Next Three Decades 322 Trend 2: The Health Status of Aging Adults Will Decline Steadily If We Don t Do Things Differently 323 Trend 3: Adults Won t Be the Only Ones Who Are Losing Their Health Status 325 Trend 4: Health Care Costs Will Remain an Issue of Significant Concern Far into the Future 326 Trend 5: Prevention Will Become a National Priority 327 Trend 6: Medical Self-Care Will Gain Rapid Popularity 328 Trend 7: Physical Activity Will Become the Most Commonly Prescribed Medicine 329 Trend 8: Financial Incentives and Disincentives Will Go Mainstream 330 Trend 9: Physical Environments Will Be Altered Radically 331 Trend 10: Efforts to Curb Obesity Will Intensify Greatly 332 Trend 11: The Need for Talented Health Promotion Professionals Will Skyrocket 333 Summary 334 Key Terms 334 Review Questions 335 Student Activities 336 References 336 Weblinks 339 Index 347

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