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Contents

Note on Contributors xi Introduction xv Part 1 Advanced Practice as a Global Phenomenon 1 The Conceptualization of Advanced Practice 3 Paula McGee and Chris Inman 1.1 Introduction 3 1.2 Competence 5 1.3 Variations in Advanced Practice 12 1.4 Conclusion 15 References 16 2 An International Perspective of Advanced Nursing Practice 19 Madrean Schober 2.1 Introduction: Overview of Advanced Nursing Practice 20 2.2 Advanced Nursing Practice Defined: An International Position 20 2.3 Drivers and Motivation 23 2.4 Influence of International Organizations 24 2.5 Regional and Country Profiles of Advanced Nursing Practice 26 2.6 Country-specific Initiatives 28 2.7 International Collaboration for a New Initiative 30 2.8 Controversial Issues 31 2.9 Challenges 33 2.10 Conclusion 36 References 37 3 Development of Advanced Practice Nursing Roles in the Netherlands 39 Christine de Vries de Winter 3.1 Introduction 39 3.2 The Dutch Healthcare System 40 3.3 Development of Advanced Nursing Practice in the Netherlands 41 3.4 Regulation of Advanced Practice 42 3.5 Preparation of Advanced Nurse Practitioners 42 3.6 Issues in Advanced Practice in the Netherlands 45 3.7 Education 46 3.8 The Future of Advanced Nursing Practice: Innovation in Healthcare and Education 46 3.9 Conclusion 48 References 49 4 Advanced Practice in Nursing and Midwifery: The Contribution to Healthcare in Australia 51 Grainne Lowe and Virginia Plummer 4.1 Introduction 51 4.2 Advanced Practice in Australia 52 4.3 Current Issues in Advanced Practice in Australia 57 4.4 Advanced Practice in Midwifery 60 4.5 Conclusion 61 References 62 5 Influences on the Development of Advanced Nursing Practice in the UK 65 Paula McGee 5.1 Introduction 65 5.2 The National Health Service in the UK 66 5.3 Health Policy 67 5.4 Influence of Health Policies and Reform of the National Health Service 67 5.5 Influence of Nursing Strategies 71 5.6 Influence of Nursing Organizations 73 5.7 Conclusion 79 References 80 Part 2 Advanced Practice in Allied Health Professions 6 The Development of Advanced Practice in the Allied Health Professions in the UK 85 Paula McGee 6.1 Introduction 85 6.2 Background to the Development of Advanced Practice in Allied Health Professions 87 6.3 Advanced Practice in Allied Health Professions 90 6.4 Advanced Practice in Physiotherapy 90 6.5 Advanced Practice Paramedics 91 6.6 Current Issues in Advanced Practice in Allied Health Professions 92 6.7 Conclusion 98 References 99 7 Advanced Practice in the Radiography Professions 101 Nick White and Helen White 7.1 Introduction 101 7.2 Worldwide Variation in the Adoption of Advanced Practice in Radiography 102 7.3 Four-tier Service and Advanced Practice in Radiography 102 7.4 Educational Preparation for Advanced Practice Roles in Radiography 104 7.5 Defining Advanced Practice - Do Role Specialism and Role Extension in Radiography Truly Lead to "Advanced Practice"? 105 7.6 Taking Stock: The Deployment of Advanced Practitioners within the Diagnostic Imaging, Radiotherapy, and Ultrasound Communities of Practice 107 7.7 Future Developments and Opportunities 110 7.8 Conclusion 112 References 113 8 Advanced Practice in Speech and Language Therapy 115 Susan Beaumont 8.1 Introduction 115 8.2 The Role of the Advanced Practitioner Speech and Language Therapist 120 8.3 Current Challenges in Advanced Speech and Language Therapy 123 8.4 Conclusion 124 References 125 Part 3 The Advanced Practitioner in Direct Patient Care 9 Prescribing and Advanced Practice 131 Andrew Campbell 9.1 Introduction 131 9.2 The History of Non-medical Prescribing in the UK 132 9.3 Registered Non-medical Prescribers in England 133 9.4 Preparing for Prescribing 133 9.5 Who May Prescribe What? 135 9.6 The Principles of Effective Prescribing 138 9.7 Safety and Clinical Governance 141 9.8 The Future of Non-medical Prescribing 142 9.9 Conclusion 144 References 145 10 The Advanced Clinical Nurse Practitioner and Direct Care 147 Mary Hutchinson 10.1 Introduction 147 10.2 Holistic Health Assessment 154 10.3 Conclusion 155 References 156 11 The Advanced Critical Care Practitioner 159 Paula McGee and Jonathan Downham 11.1 Introduction 159 11.2 The Advanced Critical Care Practitioner Role 160 11.3 Scope of Practice 161 11.4 Competences for the Advanced Critical Care Practitioner Role 164 11.5 Processes in the Development of the Advanced Critical Care Practitioner Role 165 11.6 Current Issues in Advanced Critical Practice 169 11.7 Conclusion 170 References 171 12 The Interface between Advanced Nursing and Medical Practice 173 Lesley Kavi and Paula McGee 12.1 Introduction 173 12.2 General Practice in the UK 174 12.3 Current Issues in General Practice 175 12.4 Advanced Nursing Practice 176 12.5 The Advantages and Disadvantages of Advanced Nursing Practice in General Practice 181 12.6 Conclusion 184 References 185 Part 4 Developing Advanced Practitioners' Skills 13 Legal and Ethical Issues Related to Professional Practice 189 Nicola J Stock 13.1 Introduction 190 13.2 Ethical Theories 190 13.3 The Mental Capacity Act 194 13.4 Deprivation of Liberty Safeguards 195 13.5 Consent, Autonomy, and Advocacy 196 13.6 Negligence 197 13.7 Handling Complaints 199 13.8 Whistleblowing 200 13.9 Duty of Candor 201 13.10 Improving Care Quality 202 13.11 Conclusion 202 References 204 14 Advanced Practice in a Diverse Society 205 Paula McGee 14.1 Introduction 205 14.2 Human Rights 206 14.3 Tackling Discrimination 209 14.4 Advanced Practice Competences 213 14.5 A Way Forward - Having That Difficult Conversation 217 14.6 Conclusion 218 References 220 15 Educational and Professional Influences on Advanced and Consultant Practitioners 223 Chris Inman 15.1 Introduction 223 15.2 The Education of Advanced Practitioners in the UK 224 15.3 Collaboration with the Netherlands 225 15.4 Consultant Practitioners 227 15.5 Consultant Roles and Research 228 15.6 The Interface between Medicine and Advanced and Consultant Practitioners 229 15.7 The Advanced Practitioner's Role - Enhancing the Impact on Care 230 15.8 Conclusion 231 References 232 16 Assessment of Advanced Practice 235 Chris Inman 16.1 Introduction 235 16.2 Stages and Subject Areas of Advanced Practice Master's Courses in the UK 237 16.3 Advanced Health Assessments and OSCEs in Universities in the UK 239 16.4 OSCEs - Recent Published Research 241 16.5 Practice Assessments and Requirements for a Portfolio of Evidence 244 16.6 The Second and Third Stages of Assessment for a Master's Degree 246 16.7 End-point Assessment - Master's-degree Apprenticeship 246 16.8 Conclusion 247 References 248 17 Leadership in Advanced Practice 251 Paula McGee 17.1 Introduction 251 17.2 The Nature of Leadership 252 17.3 Attributes of the Leader 253 17.4 Leadership and Management 255 17.5 Leadership in Advanced Practice 255 17.6 Conclusion 262 References 263 18 Research Competence in Advanced Practice 265 Paula McGee 18.1 Introduction 265 18.2 Research Competence in Advanced Practice 266 18.3 Direct Patient Care 270 18.4 Publication of Research Results 273 18.5 An Agenda for Research 277 18.6 Conclusion 278 References 279 19 Conclusion: The Future for Advanced Practice 281 Paula McGee and Chris Inman 19.1 Introduction 281 19.2 Full Practice Authority 283 19.3 The Relationship with Medicine 284 19.4 The Preparation of Advanced Practitioners 285 References 286 Index 287

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