German resistance to Hitler is a central element of the history of Nazism. In this text, contemporary historian Hans Mommsen reveals the diversity of the political aims held by these "other Germans". He analyses the ideologies of the assassination plot of 20th July 1944, as well as those of the Kreisau Circle and the conservative, socialist, church and military oppositions. These resistance groups all endeavoured to find a viable alternative to Hitler and to achieve a moral renewal of politics and society - although many of them rejected democracy and had a sometimes ambivalent attitude towards the persecution of the Jews.