This book offers unparalleled insight into the ways in which hate crime affects individuals and communities across the world. Drawing from the testimonies of more than 2,000 victims of hate crime, the book identifies the physical, emotional and community-level harms associated with hate crimes and key implications for justice in the context of punitive, restorative, rehabilitative and educative interventions. Hate crime constitutes one of the biggest global challenges of our time and blights the lives of millions of people across the world. Within this context the book generates important new knowledge on victims' experiences and expectations, and uses its compelling evidence-base to identify fresh ways of understanding, researching and responding to hate crime. It also documents the sensitivities associated with undertaking complex fieldwork of this nature, and in doing so offers an authentic account of the very necessary - and sometimes unconventional - steps which are fundamental to the process of engaging with 'hard-to-reach' communities.
Part One: Setting the Scene 1. Chapter 1 Increasing problems, increasing indifference 2. Chapter 2 Visible yet invisible: challenges facing hate crime victims2.1 Chapter 2 Conceptualising hate crime2.2 Chapter 2 Hypervisible: Recognising 'difference' and 'vulnerability'2.3 Chapter 2 Rendered invisible: disempowered and disengaged 3. Chapter 3 Relevant yet irrelevant: challenges associated with hate crime policy3.1 Chapter 3 Signs of progress3.2 Chapter 3 Signs of failurePart Two: Undertaking Research with Hate Crime Victims 4. Chapter 4 The process of engagement: 'hard to reach' or 'easy to ignore'?4.1 Chapter 4 Connecting with 'hidden' voices4.2 Chapter 4 Connecting with our sample4.3 Chapter 4 Connecting with our data 5. Chapter 5 Lessons from the field5.1 Chapter 5 Acknowledging positionality5.2 Chapter 5 Acknowledging resistance5.3 Chapter 5 Acknowledging resiliencePart Three: Revealing 'Hidden' Problems 6. Chapter 6 'Everyday' hate 6.1 Chapter 6 Targets of hate crime6.2 Chapter 6 Forms of hate crime 7. Chapter 7 'Everyday' contexts7.1 Chapter 7 Perpetrators of hate crime7.2 Chapter 7 Drivers of hate crime 8. Chapter 8 'Invisible' harms8.1 Chapter 8 Physical harms8.2 Chapter 8 Emotional harms8.3 Chapter 8 Wider harms8.4 Chapter 8 Coping strategies 9. Chapter 9 'Invisible' victims9.1 Chapter 9 Barriers to reporting9.2 Chapter 9 Barriers to support9.3 Chapter 9 Barriers to justicePart Four: Transforming Responses10. Chapter 10 Implications for scholarship10.1 Chapter 10 Defining hate crime10.2 Chapter 10 Theorising hate crime10.3 Chapter 10 Researching hate crime 11. Chapter 11 Implications for policy11.1 Chapter 11 Improving frontline responses11.2 Chapter 11 Improving justice outcomes11.3 Chapter 11 Improving support provision
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